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TUDCA (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid)
Protection: Liver
dosing: 250mg-500mg+
reported possible side effects: Diarrhea, nausea, abdominal discomfort/cramping, all usually dose-de
Background
TUDCA has been shown to support bile acid transport in the liver, by influencing pathways such as FXR, Nrf2, and bile acid transport such as BSEP and MRP2
FXR: a master regulatory network activated by bile acids. It controls bile acid synthesis, lipid and glucose metabolism, and inflammatory responses. Serving as a vital metabolic sensor, FXR maintains chemical balance and protects liver tissue from injury
TUDCA’s effect on FXR: upregulates the downstream bile salt export pump, through activating FXR receptor in the liver. Promotes SIRT1-FXR signalling to suppress inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis during stress conditions.
Nrf2: a master cellular defense mechanism in the liver that regulates oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid metabolism. Under stress, Nrf2 separates from its inhibitor Keap1, moves to the cell nucleus, and turns on protective antioxidant genes to prevent liver injury
TUDCA’s effect Nrf2: Activation of Nrf2 triggers downstream cytoprotective and detoxifying enzymes. Suppresses stress and apoptotic pathways.